From my favorite ecological book (aparecerá traducido al castellano el próximo viernes).
Once again I share a wonderful text written by Charlotte Gill, and selected from her book Eating Dirt.
Fourteen thousand years ago, this land was buried in Pleistocene ice. The ecosystems underneath flattened, scree-strewn, beaten down under the weight of glaciers. A few millennia later the ice receded, and life crept back in from the fringes. Lodgepole pine edged north from California. A few thousand years after that, as the climate cooled and moistened, Douglas-fir and Sitka spruce took over. And then, about the time humans took up agriculture, the monsoons came up to visit the Pacific Northwest.
The photograph is taken from Google images.